A lot of the debris yeeted into space will orbit Earth for thousands of years, some hit the Moon or even Mars. But most of it comes right back. When things fall through the atmosphere at such speeds, they get very hot, as in hundreds of degrees hot. And this happens to millions of tons of material everywhere. This rapidly heats up the atmosphere to insane temperatures. We don't know exactly how hot it got or how long this heat shock lasted but there are two ideas here. Either the air was heated to hundreds of degrees for a few minutes or to thousands of degrees for around 1 minute. In any case, the air becomes as hot as the inside of an industrial oven.