i am an idiot guys
All my life I thought the basic HTML structure was
<!Doctype HTML>
<head>
</head>
<html>
<body>
</body>
</html>
It's for SEO, screen readers, that kind of stuff, so they know which language they're dealing with
You can also put it on individual elements, e.g. <p>The German word for cat is <span lang="de">Katze</span>.</p>